Cryogenic weathering is a geological process that occurs in extremely cold environments, where the repeated freezing and thawing of water in rock cracks leads to the breakdown of the rock. When water seeps into these cracks and freezes, it expands, exerting pressure on the surrounding rock. This cycle can gradually cause the rock to fracture and disintegrate over time. This type of weathering is particularly common in polar regions and high mountains, where temperatures fluctuate around the freezing point. It plays a significant role in shaping landscapes and contributes to the formation of features such as glaciers and permafrost.