Permafrost is a layer of soil that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years. It is commonly found in polar regions, such as the Arctic and Antarctica, where temperatures are consistently low. Permafrost can vary in thickness, ranging from a few inches to several thousand feet deep, and it plays a crucial role in the local ecosystem. As the climate warms, permafrost is beginning to thaw, which can release stored greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide. This thawing can also affect infrastructure, as buildings and roads built on permafrost may become unstable. Understanding permafrost is essential for predicting climate change impacts.