The Colony of North Carolina was one of the original thirteen colonies established in the 17th century. It was founded in 1653, primarily by settlers from Virginia seeking new opportunities. The colony's economy relied on agriculture, with crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo being significant. North Carolina was known for its diverse population, including English, Scots-Irish, and German settlers. The colony faced challenges such as conflicts with Native American tribes and internal disputes. In 1712, it officially split from South Carolina, becoming a separate royal colony, which helped shape its unique identity and governance.