The Colony of South Carolina was established in 1663 as part of the Carolina colony, which was granted to eight proprietors by King Charles II of England. It became a significant agricultural center, known for its production of rice and indigo, which were important cash crops. The colony's economy relied heavily on enslaved labor, leading to a diverse population. In 1719, South Carolina became a royal colony, allowing for more direct control by the British crown. The colony's capital, Charleston, grew into a major port city, facilitating trade and cultural exchange. South Carolina played a crucial role in the early history of the United States, particularly during the American Revolution.