Colonial North India refers to the region of northern India during the period of British rule, which began in the mid-18th century and lasted until 1947. This area included important cities like Delhi, Agra, and Varanasi, and was characterized by a mix of diverse cultures, languages, and religions. The British established control through military conquests and treaties, leading to significant changes in administration, economy, and society. During this time, the British introduced new infrastructure, such as railways and telegraphs, which transformed communication and trade. However, colonial policies often exploited local resources and disrupted traditional livelihoods, leading to social unrest and resistance movements. Key figures like Mahatma Gandhi emerged, advocating for independence and social reform.