Colonial history refers to the period when European powers established colonies in various parts of the world, significantly altering the social, economic, and political landscapes of the regions involved. This era, which began in the late 15th century, saw countries like Spain, Britain, and France expand their empires, often at the expense of indigenous populations. The consequences of colonialism were profound, leading to the exploitation of resources and cultures. Indigenous peoples faced displacement, violence, and cultural erasure, while colonial powers benefited from wealth and global influence. The legacy of colonial history continues to shape contemporary societies and international relations.