European colonization refers to the period when European powers established control over vast territories across the globe, particularly from the 15th to the 20th centuries. This expansion was driven by the desire for resources, trade routes, and the spread of Christianity, leading to the establishment of colonies in regions such as the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The impact of European colonization was profound, resulting in significant cultural exchanges, economic exploitation, and often devastating consequences for indigenous populations. Notable examples include the colonization of North America by the British and Spanish and the Scramble for Africa among various European nations.