Cognitive appraisal is the process by which individuals evaluate and interpret a situation to determine its significance and potential impact on their well-being. This evaluation influences emotional responses, as people assess whether an event is a threat, a challenge, or a benign occurrence. There are two main types of cognitive appraisal: primary appraisal, where one assesses the relevance of a situation, and secondary appraisal, where one evaluates their ability to cope with the situation. This framework is essential in understanding how emotions are formed and how individuals respond to stressors in their environment, such as life events or challenges.