The "Lazarus Theory" refers to the idea that certain species believed to be extinct can reappear after a significant period. This concept is named after the biblical figure Lazarus, who was raised from the dead. In ecology, it highlights how some organisms can survive in isolated environments, only to be discovered later, challenging our understanding of extinction. This theory is often supported by examples from paleontology and conservation biology, where species like the Coelacanth and the Wollemi Pine were found alive after being thought extinct for millions of years. Such discoveries emphasize the importance of preserving biodiversity and exploring uncharted habitats.