Cognitive processes refer to the mental activities involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding. These processes include perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving. They help us interpret information from our surroundings, remember past experiences, and make decisions based on what we know. These processes are essential for everyday tasks, such as learning in school or navigating social situations. For example, when we read a book, our attention allows us to focus, while our memory helps us recall details later. Understanding cognitive processes can improve our ability to think critically and solve problems effectively.