Coffee varietals refer to the different subspecies of the coffee plant, primarily Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (commonly known as robusta). Each varietal has unique characteristics, including flavor profiles, growth conditions, and resistance to diseases. Popular arabica varietals include Typica, Bourbon, and Geisha, each offering distinct taste experiences. The choice of varietal can significantly impact the final cup of coffee. Factors such as altitude, climate, and soil type influence how these varietals develop their flavors. Understanding coffee varietals helps consumers appreciate the diversity of coffee and make informed choices when selecting their brew.