The Classical era refers to a period in history, roughly from 500 BCE to 500 CE, characterized by the development of significant cultures, philosophies, and political systems. This era includes the rise of ancient civilizations such as the Greeks and Romans, who made lasting contributions to art, science, and governance. During the Classical era, notable achievements included the establishment of democracy in Athens, the philosophical teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, and the construction of iconic structures like the Parthenon. This period laid the foundation for many aspects of modern Western civilization.