Chloroplast inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material found in chloroplasts, the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells. Unlike nuclear DNA, which is inherited from both parents, chloroplast DNA is typically passed down maternally. This means that offspring inherit their chloroplasts—and the genes contained within them—primarily from their mother. This type of inheritance is significant because it can affect traits such as leaf color and photosynthetic efficiency. Understanding chloroplast inheritance helps scientists study plant evolution and breeding, as well as the role of chloroplasts in various environmental adaptations.