Plant genetics is the study of how traits in plants are inherited and expressed. It involves understanding the structure and function of genes, which are segments of DNA that carry the information necessary for plant growth, development, and reproduction. By examining these genetic factors, scientists can learn how plants adapt to their environments and how they can be improved for agriculture. Through plant genetics, researchers can develop new varieties of crops that are more resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. Techniques such as genetic engineering and marker-assisted selection are used to enhance desirable traits, ensuring food security and sustainability in agriculture.