The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) was a period of Chinese history marked by economic expansion, cultural flourishing, and the construction of the Great Wall of China. It is known for its advancements in arts, literature, and trade, as well as the establishment of a strong centralized government. The Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) followed the Ming and was the last imperial dynasty of China. It was established by the Manchu people and expanded China's territory significantly. The Qing era saw significant cultural exchanges and the introduction of Western influences, but it also faced internal strife and external pressures, leading to its eventual decline.