Chinese dynasties represent a series of ruling families that governed China over thousands of years. Major dynasties include the Qin, Han, Tang, and Ming, each contributing to the rich tapestry of Chinese culture, politics, and society. These dynasties shaped the development of Chinese civilization through innovations in technology, philosophy, and the arts. The dynastic cycle often involved the rise and fall of these families, influenced by factors such as economic stability, military strength, and popular support. The Mandate of Heaven was a key concept, justifying the ruler's authority and the transition between dynasties, reflecting the dynamic nature of Chinese governance.