The Census of India is a comprehensive survey conducted every ten years to collect demographic data about the country's population. It gathers information on various aspects such as age, gender, occupation, and education, helping the government plan and allocate resources effectively. The first census in India was conducted in 1871, and it has since become a crucial tool for understanding population trends and changes. The data collected is used for policy-making, development programs, and ensuring representation in government bodies, making it essential for the country's growth and governance.