Catalan autonomy refers to the self-governing powers granted to the Catalonia region in Spain. Established through the Statute of Autonomy in 1979, it allows Catalonia to manage its own education, health care, and cultural policies. The regional government, known as the Generalitat, has significant authority over local matters. Despite its autonomy, Catalonia's relationship with the Spanish government has been complex, especially regarding issues of independence. Many Catalans advocate for greater self-determination, leading to political tensions and debates about the region's future within Spain. The situation remains a significant topic in Spanish politics.