The Castle of Canossa is a historic fortress located in northern Italy, specifically in the Emilia-Romagna region. Built in the 10th century, it served as a stronghold for the Countess Matilda of Tuscany, a powerful noblewoman. The castle is famous for its role in the Investiture Controversy, a conflict between the papacy and secular rulers. In 1077, the castle became the site of a significant event when Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV sought forgiveness from Pope Gregory VII. This meeting symbolized the struggle for power between church and state during the Middle Ages. Today, the ruins of the castle attract visitors interested in history and architecture.