Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV reigned from 1056 to 1106 and was a significant figure in medieval Europe. He was born in 1050 and became emperor at a young age after the death of his father, Henry III. His reign was marked by conflicts with the papacy, particularly with Pope Gregory VII, over the issue of investiture, which involved the appointment of bishops. Henry IV's struggle for power led to his excommunication in 1076, prompting him to seek forgiveness from the pope. This event highlighted the tension between the monarchy and the church during the Investiture Controversy. Despite his challenges, he managed to maintain his rule until his death, leaving a complex legacy.