Cancer syndromes are genetic conditions that increase an individual's risk of developing certain types of cancer. These syndromes are often caused by inherited mutations in specific genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are linked to breast and ovarian cancer. People with these syndromes may have a family history of cancer, making it important for them to undergo genetic testing and counseling. Common cancer syndromes include Lynch syndrome, which raises the risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, associated with various cancers at a young age. Early detection and preventive measures can help manage the risks associated with these syndromes.