BRCA mutations are changes in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, which are crucial for repairing damaged DNA. When these genes are mutated, the body's ability to fix DNA errors is compromised, increasing the risk of certain cancers, particularly breast and ovarian cancer. Individuals with a family history of these cancers may consider genetic testing for BRCA mutations. If a mutation is found, doctors can recommend preventive measures, such as increased surveillance or surgery, to reduce cancer risk. Understanding these mutations can help individuals make informed health decisions.