Caligae were a type of heavy-soled military sandal worn by Roman soldiers, particularly the legionaries. Made from leather, they featured open toes and were designed for durability and comfort during long marches. The soles were often studded with iron for better traction on various terrains. These sandals were an essential part of the Roman military uniform, allowing soldiers to maintain mobility and stability. Caligae were typically laced up the front and provided ventilation, making them suitable for the warm climates of the Roman Empire. Their design influenced footwear in later cultures.