Bose-Einstein statistics describe the statistical distribution of indistinguishable particles known as bosons. These particles, which include photons and helium-4 atoms, can occupy the same quantum state, allowing them to cluster together in large numbers. This behavior leads to unique phenomena, such as Bose-Einstein condensates, where particles act as a single quantum entity at extremely low temperatures. Developed by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, this statistical framework contrasts with Fermi-Dirac statistics, which applies to fermions that cannot occupy the same state. Bose-Einstein statistics are crucial for understanding various physical systems, including superfluidity and laser operation.