Fermionic statistics describe the behavior of particles known as fermions, which include electrons, protons, and neutrons. These particles follow the Pauli exclusion principle, meaning that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. This principle is crucial in explaining the structure of atoms and the properties of matter. Fermions have half-integer spin values, such as 1/2 or 3/2, which distinguishes them from bosons, the particles that can share quantum states. The statistical distribution of fermions is described by the Fermi-Dirac distribution, which helps predict how they occupy energy levels at different temperatures, particularly in systems like metals and semiconductors.