Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors that play a crucial role in the development and healing of bones and cartilage. They are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and are involved in the regulation of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. BMPs are essential for the formation of new bone tissue and are often used in medical applications to promote bone healing. In clinical settings, BMPs are utilized in orthopedic and dental surgeries to enhance bone regeneration. For example, BMP-2 and BMP-7 are commonly used in bone grafts to stimulate the growth of new bone in areas where it has been damaged or lost. Their ability to induce bone formation makes them valuable in treating fractures, spinal fusions, and other orthopedic conditions.