The Transvaal Republic, officially known as the South African Republic, was a Boer state in what is now South Africa. Established in 1852, it was formed by Dutch settlers, known as Boers, who sought independence from British rule. The republic was characterized by its agricultural economy and a strong sense of nationalism among its inhabitants. The Transvaal played a significant role in the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902), which arose from tensions between the British Empire and the Boer settlers. Following the war, the republic was incorporated into the British Empire, leading to significant changes in governance and society in the region.