Biological diversity, or biodiversity, refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, including different species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. It encompasses the genetic differences within these species, the ecosystems they form, and the ecological processes that sustain them. High biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem resilience, providing essential services like clean air, water, and food. Biodiversity is often measured at three levels: genetic diversity, which looks at variations within species; species diversity, which counts the number of different species; and ecosystem diversity, which examines the variety of habitats and ecological processes. Protecting biodiversity is vital for maintaining healthy ecosystems and supporting human life.