Species diversity refers to the variety of different species within a specific habitat or ecosystem. It includes the number of species present and their relative abundance. High species diversity is important because it contributes to ecosystem stability, resilience, and productivity, allowing ecosystems to better withstand environmental changes. In addition to the number of species, species diversity also encompasses genetic diversity within those species. This genetic variation helps populations adapt to changing conditions and resist diseases. Conservation efforts often focus on preserving species diversity to maintain healthy ecosystems, which are vital for human survival and well-being.