Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species. It is important because it helps populations adapt to changing environments, resist diseases, and survive over time. Higher genetic diversity often leads to healthier populations, as it increases the chances of individuals possessing traits that can cope with challenges. Loss of genetic diversity can occur due to factors like habitat destruction, overfishing, and climate change. This reduction can make species, such as tigers or coral reefs, more vulnerable to extinction. Conservation efforts aim to protect genetic diversity to ensure the survival of various species and ecosystems.