Bastide towns are fortified settlements that originated in the 13th century in France. They were designed to promote trade and agriculture, featuring a grid layout with a central square. The towns often included defensive walls and were strategically located to control surrounding land. These towns were typically established by local lords or the monarchy to encourage economic growth and settlement in rural areas. Many Bastide towns still retain their medieval architecture and charm, attracting visitors interested in history and culture. Examples include Monpazier and Eauze, which showcase the unique characteristics of these historical sites.