Babilônia, or Babylon, was an ancient city located in present-day Iraq. It was one of the most important cities in ancient Mesopotamia and served as the capital of the Babylonian Empire. Known for its impressive architecture, including the famous Hanging Gardens, it was a center of trade, culture, and learning. The city flourished around the 18th century BCE under the rule of King Hammurabi, who is best known for creating one of the earliest written legal codes. Babilônia played a significant role in the development of writing, mathematics, and astronomy, influencing many subsequent civilizations.