The Austrian First Republic was established in 1918 after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire following World War I. It lasted until 1934 and was characterized by a democratic government, with a focus on social reforms and economic recovery. The republic faced significant challenges, including political instability and economic hardship. During its existence, the First Republic saw the rise of various political movements, including socialism and conservatism. The government struggled to maintain unity amid rising tensions, leading to the establishment of an authoritarian regime in 1934, which marked the end of the republic and the beginning of the Austrian Civil War.