Arab history spans thousands of years, beginning with the early civilizations in the Arabian Peninsula. The rise of the Islamic Empire in the 7th century marked a significant turning point, as it spread rapidly across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe. This period saw advancements in science, mathematics, and culture, with notable figures like Ibn Sina and Al-Khwarizmi contributing to various fields. The Ottoman Empire later dominated the region from the 16th century until the early 20th century, influencing politics and culture. The 20th century brought significant changes, including the decline of colonial powers and the emergence of independent Arab states. Today, the Arab world is diverse, with rich traditions and a complex history that continues to shape its societies.