Arab Expansion refers to the rapid spread of Arab culture, language, and Islam following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. This expansion was primarily driven by military conquests, trade, and the appeal of Islamic teachings. The early Arab armies quickly conquered vast territories, including parts of the Byzantine and Sassanian empires, establishing a large Islamic empire. The expansion led to the establishment of major cities such as Damascus and Baghdad, which became centers of learning and culture. This period also facilitated the exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies between different civilizations, significantly influencing the development of medieval Europe and beyond.