Medieval Europe, often called the Middle Ages, spanned from the 5th to the late 15th century. This period followed the fall of the Roman Empire and was marked by feudalism, where society was structured around land ownership and loyalty. Kings, nobles, and knights held power, while peasants worked the land. Castles and cathedrals, like Notre-Dame, were built during this time, showcasing the era's architectural achievements. Religion played a significant role in daily life, with the Catholic Church influencing politics and culture. The Crusades, a series of religious wars, aimed to reclaim the Holy Land and shaped relationships between Christians and Muslims. Despite challenges, this era laid the groundwork for the Renaissance and modern Europe