The Arab Empire refers to the vast political and cultural domain established by Arab peoples following the rise of Islam in the 7th century. It began with the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad and expanded rapidly through military conquests and trade, reaching regions in North Africa, Spain, and parts of Asia. At its height, the Arab Empire was known for its advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy, contributing significantly to the Golden Age of Islam. Major cities like Baghdad and Cordoba became centers of learning and culture, fostering a rich exchange of ideas and knowledge that influenced the world.