Andean South America refers to the region that includes the Andes Mountains, which stretch along the western edge of the continent. This area encompasses several countries, including Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and parts of Chile and Colombia. The Andes are known for their diverse ecosystems, ranging from tropical rainforests to high-altitude deserts. The region is rich in cultural heritage, home to ancient civilizations such as the Inca Empire. Major cities like Cusco and La Paz reflect this history, showcasing unique architecture and traditions. Additionally, the area is famous for its biodiversity, with numerous species of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth.