Ancient writings refer to the earliest forms of written communication created by human civilizations. These texts were inscribed on materials like clay tablets, papyrus, and stone, using tools such as styluses and chisels. Notable examples include the Sumerian cuneiform, the Egyptian hieroglyphs, and the Chinese oracle bones. These writings often recorded laws, trade transactions, religious texts, and historical events. The study of ancient writings provides valuable insights into the cultures and societies of the past. They reveal information about daily life, governance, and beliefs of civilizations like the Babylonians, Greeks, and Romans. Understanding these texts helps historians piece together the development of human communication and civilization.