Ancient Sri Lanka, known as Ceylon, has a rich history that dates back over 2,500 years. The island was home to advanced civilizations, with notable kingdoms such as Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa. These kingdoms are famous for their impressive architecture, including stupas and palaces, as well as their sophisticated irrigation systems that supported agriculture. The island was also a center for Buddhism, which was introduced in the 3rd century BCE by Mahinda, the son of the Indian Emperor Ashoka. Ancient Sri Lanka was known for its trade routes, connecting it to India and beyond, facilitating cultural exchanges and the spread of ideas.