The Ancient Period refers to the time in human history that began with the emergence of writing around 3,300 BCE and lasted until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. This era saw the rise of early civilizations such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Indus Valley cultures, which developed complex societies, trade networks, and monumental architecture. During the Ancient Period, significant advancements were made in various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, and literature. Notable figures like Hammurabi and Confucius emerged, influencing governance and philosophy. The period also witnessed the spread of major religions, including Hinduism and Buddhism, shaping cultural and spiritual practices that continue to resonate today.