Al-Hakim, also known as Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, was the sixth Fatimid caliph who ruled from 996 to 1021 CE. He is known for his eccentric behavior and controversial policies, which included the persecution of certain religious groups. His reign was marked by significant architectural developments in Cairo, including the construction of the Al-Hakim Mosque. Despite his unpredictable nature, Al-Hakim's rule contributed to the cultural and intellectual life of the Fatimid Empire. He established a unique religious sect known as the Druze, which emerged during his reign. His legacy remains complex, blending both innovation and oppression in the history of the region.