Al-Ghazali was a prominent Islamic philosopher, theologian, and mystic born in 1058 in Persia. He is best known for his works that sought to reconcile Islamic faith with Greek philosophy. His influential book, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, criticized the rationalist philosophers of his time, arguing that reason alone could not lead to true knowledge of God. In addition to his philosophical contributions, Al-Ghazali played a significant role in the development of Sufism, the mystical branch of Islam. His writings emphasized the importance of inner spirituality and personal experience in understanding faith, making him a key figure in both Islamic philosophy and mysticism.