Al-Farabi was a prominent philosopher and polymath in the Islamic Golden Age, born around 872 CE in what is now Kazakhstan. He is often referred to as the "Second Teacher" after Aristotle due to his significant contributions to philosophy, logic, and political theory. Al-Farabi's works aimed to reconcile Greek philosophy with Islamic thought, emphasizing the importance of reason and ethics in achieving a virtuous society. He is best known for his writings on political philosophy, particularly in his book, The Virtuous City, where he describes an ideal society governed by wise leaders. Al-Farabi's influence extended beyond philosophy, impacting fields such as music, science, and education, making him a key figure in the development of Islamic philosophy.