The Akkoyunlu were a Turkoman tribal federation that emerged in the 14th century in the region of modern-day Iran and Iraq. They played a significant role in the political landscape of the time, often competing with other groups like the Karamanids and the Timurids. The name "Akkoyunlu" translates to "White Sheep," which symbolizes their identity and heritage. At their height, the Akkoyunlu established a vast empire that included parts of Anatolia, Azerbaijan, and Mesopotamia. They were known for their patronage of the arts and culture, contributing to the development of Persian literature and architecture. The dynasty eventually fell to the Safavids in the early 16th century.