Acid-base imbalance occurs when the body’s pH level deviates from the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45. This imbalance can result from various factors, including respiratory issues, kidney dysfunction, or metabolic disorders. The body relies on mechanisms like buffer systems, respiration, and kidney function to maintain pH balance. There are two main types of acid-base imbalances: acidosis, where the pH drops below 7.35, and alkalosis, where it rises above 7.45. Symptoms may include confusion, fatigue, or muscle twitching, and treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause to restore normal pH levels.