Nineteenth-century Britain was a time of significant change and development, marked by the Industrial Revolution. This period saw the rise of factories, urbanization, and advancements in technology, which transformed the economy and society. Many people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work, leading to the growth of urban centers like Manchester and Birmingham. During this century, Britain also expanded its empire, becoming a global power with colonies in India, Africa, and the Caribbean. This expansion brought wealth but also raised ethical questions about imperialism and exploitation. The century was also notable for social reforms, including movements for women's rights and labor rights.