The 19th century was a transformative period for painting, marked by the rise of various movements such as Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism. Artists began to explore new themes, focusing on emotion, everyday life, and the effects of light. Notable painters like Eugène Delacroix and Claude Monet emerged, each contributing unique styles and perspectives to the art world. Technological advancements, such as the invention of portable paint tubes, allowed artists to paint outdoors, leading to the development of plein air painting. This shift encouraged a more spontaneous approach to capturing scenes, influencing future generations of artists and shaping modern art.