The 19th century was marked by several significant movements that shaped modern society. One of the most notable was the Industrial Revolution, which transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, leading to urbanization and changes in labor. This period also saw the rise of Romanticism, an artistic and literary movement that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism as a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. Another important movement was Socialism, which emerged in response to the inequalities created by industrial capitalism. Thinkers like Karl Marx advocated for workers' rights and the redistribution of wealth. Additionally, the Abolitionist Movement gained momentum, aiming to end slavery and promote civil rights, significantly influencing social and political landscapes worldwide.