The term "19ου" refers to the 19th century, a period that lasted from the year 1801 to 1900. This century was marked by significant changes in various fields, including politics, industry, and culture. It saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution, which transformed economies and societies, particularly in Europe and North America. Additionally, the 19th century was a time of great social change, with movements for women's rights, abolition of slavery, and nationalism gaining momentum. Notable figures from this era include Charles Dickens, Queen Victoria, and Karl Marx, each contributing to the cultural and political landscape of the time.